Topic outline
- Reproductive Anatomy & Physiology of farm animals
- Anatomy & Physiology of Ruminants digestive System
- Anatomy and Physiology Of Non Ruminants
- Anatomy and Physiology of cow Mammary gland
- Artificial insemination
- Assignments- Embryo transfer: Explain the concept of embryo transfer, including superovulation of donor cows, collection of embryos, and their transfer to recipient cows. Discuss the benefits and challenges of this technology.
- In vitro fertilization (IVF): Describe the IVF process, from oocyte (egg) collection and fertilization in a laboratory setting to embryo culture and transfer. Discuss how IVF can accelerate genetic progress.
- Cloning: Explain the principles of cloning in cattle, including somatic cell nuclear transfer. Discuss the ethical considerations surrounding cloning and its potential applications.
- Sexed semen: Describe the technology of sex-sorted semen, which allows for the selection of the desired sex of offspring. Discuss the applications and potential limitations of sexed semen.
 
- Importance of AI: Discuss the reasons why artificial insemination is used in dairy cattle breeding, including genetic improvement, disease control, and cost-effectiveness.
- Preparation: Outline the necessary preparations before AI, such as estrus detection, synchronization of estrus, and selection of quality semen.
- Insemination procedure: Describe the AI procedure, including handling and thawing of frozen semen, proper placement of the insemination gun, and techniques for depositing semen into the reproductive tract.
- Timing and monitoring: Explain the importance of accurate timing in AI and how veterinarians or technicians monitor the cow's reproductive status.
- Pregnancy diagnosis: Discuss methods for pregnancy diagnosis after AI, such as rectal palpation or ultrasound, and the timing of these diagnostics.
- Advantages and challenges: Analyze the advantages of AI over natural mating, as well as potential challenges and limitations.
 
- 1. Research the process of milk synthesis within the mammary glands. Explain the roles of various cell types involved, such as alveolar cells and myoepithelial cells. - 2. Detail the stages of lactation and how the composition of milk changes throughout the lactation cycle. - 3. Discuss the nutritional components of milk, including proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals. 
 
