Task 01: Write an essay discussing advanced reproductive technologies used in cattle breeding. Explore the following topics:

  1. Embryo transfer: Explain the concept of embryo transfer, including superovulation of donor cows, collection of embryos, and their transfer to recipient cows. Discuss the benefits and challenges of this technology.
  2. In vitro fertilization (IVF): Describe the IVF process, from oocyte (egg) collection and fertilization in a laboratory setting to embryo culture and transfer. Discuss how IVF can accelerate genetic progress.
  3. Cloning: Explain the principles of cloning in cattle, including somatic cell nuclear transfer. Discuss the ethical considerations surrounding cloning and its potential applications.
  4. Sexed semen: Describe the technology of sex-sorted semen, which allows for the selection of the desired sex of offspring. Discuss the applications and potential limitations of sexed semen.